Amazon Basin Travel

There is a fascinating article today in the Washington Post today about Randy Borman and the Cofan tribe in Ecuador. Borman, the son of missionaries who was raised with the Cofan in Ecuador, has helped the tribe expand the territory they manage to 6 times what it was in the early 1990’s, from 300 to nearly 1700 square miles today.

In this age when indigenous people in South America (and elsewhere) face continuing encroachment from roads, dams, oil companies, farmers, etc, it is amazing that the Cofan, under Borman’s guidance, have managed to protect their rainforest, and have actually increased the amount of land they manage.

Realizing the only way to thrive, or even survive, is to understand and work with the outside world, the Cofan are embracing education for their children and creating alliances with outside organizations, such as the Chicago Field Museum and various foundations in the USA.

Cofan are sending their children to private schools in Quito and to universities in the US.  This was the path Borman himself followed — born in the jungle, raised hunting and fishing, but studying in Quito and USA. Borman considers himself Cofan, having lived most of his life in the jungle with the tribe.

In the article, Borman “explained that the Cofan see the forest as a ‘product’ that can be sold to the world. ‘That’s what it is — the product is the intact, functioning rain forest,’ he said.”  He is now working on carbon credit plans that will allow wealthy nations to pay the Cofan to protect the rainforest.  In the article Borman says that in the Cofan territory they have zero deforestation and zero damage done to the land.

Having spent a bit of time in the Amazon basin in Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, it is great to hear a positive story about indigenous people in the Amazon.  Most recently I was with the Huaorani tribe, best known from Joe Kane’s excellent book Savages, at the Huaorani Ecolodge. Much of the Huaorani land has been taken over by oil companies and settlers from the highlands, and part of the visit to the lodge includes a canoe journey from pristine jungle to an area decimated by oil development, to show tourists what is happening to the jungle.

The Huaorani have decided that tourism is one of the best ways to earn money while maintaining their traditional lifestyle, and the ecolodge is their tourism venture.  Staying at the lodge is a fantastic insight into how people live in the jungle, and my visit there was one of my favorite trips all time.

We at Detour wholeheartedly support community based tourism projects such as the Huaorani Ecolodge, as it is another way for indigenous groups to have some say and control over their future. We hope all travelers will consider a trip to a community based tourism project so that while they are having an awesome vacation, their trip will also help to protect the way of life of an indigenous group.

{ 0 comments }

Today I stumbled across the trailer for the documentary Crude.

The official website describes the film as a “story of one of the largest and most controversial environmental lawsuits on the planet. The inside story of the infamous “Amazon Chernobyl” case [which takes place in the Amazon jungle of Ecuador, pitting 30,000 indigenous and colonial rainforest dwellers against the U.S. oil giant Chevron]… offers a real-life high stakes legal drama, set against a backdrop of the environmental movement, global politics, celebrity activism, human rights advocacy, the media, multinational corporate power, and rapidly-disappearing indigenous cultures”.

So what does oil extraction in the Ecuadorian rainforest have to do with sustainable tourism?

Oil was discovered in the Ecuadorian Amazon in 1967 by Texaco. Since then frequent oil spills, faulty waste storage, and questionable land acquisition have devastated the land many indigenous people rely on. As documented in 2008, the government blocks off an area for hydrocarbon activities – which it can then lease to multi-national energy corporations, “many of the blocks overlap with indigenous territories, both titled lands and areas utilized by peoples in voluntary isolation.” Basically, the way its set up now does little to protect the indigenous people of the Amazon.

Sustainable tourism has provided an avenue for indigenous tribes to preserve their environment and cultural integrity, as opposed to being “forced” into working for big oil and timber companies (resource extraction). Take the Huaroni Ecolodge -  a rainforest lodge run mostly by the Huaoroni people. In the mid 90’s, in an effort to protect their land from oil companies, they turned to ecotourism as a means to receive an income while still maintaining their cultural practices and conserving their rainforest territory.

While tourism can have some very negative impacts on a place and inherently it has elements of harm (take carbon emissions alone) – there are also tourism practices that are very beneficial to the local communities. And it’s those practices that we, as travelers, can feel good about supporting.

{ 0 comments }

Boat at the Tambopata Research Center

Boat at the Tambopata Research Center

The long, motorized launch pulled up to the beach and Ebetta, Nilton, and Cesar, naturalists from the Tambopata Research Center (TRC) jumped out, leaving the boatman and their guide to tend to the boat.  “We know we are early”, they responded to our apologies for not being ready to leave, “but we have never explored the Rio Tavera, and coming to pick your party up gives us the chance.  We’ll go up river, fish, and be back to load your gear up at 10.  Since we have plenty of room, anyone who wants to come along is welcome.”

Raul, Greg, and Willie needed to pack up camp, and Brian and Charlie offered to stay and help them, giving Keith, David and me the opportunity to go exploring.  Soon we were aboard the launch, buzzing upstream at what seemed to us rafters as incredible speed.  The launch traveled up rapids with ease while our three naturalists  pointed out the sights. The river itself looked like a smaller version of the Tambopata, but with fewer sandbanks along the sides. We did see kingfishers and hawks, a red brocket deer, and, most exciting of all, two sightings of giant river otters!    These are animals similar to otters we have here, but which can grow up to six feet long!  The ones we saw only showed us their heads, as they curiously popped us to see what was going by, so we couldn’t tell how big they were.  The heads appeared to me to be the size of that of a big dog’s.

Ebetta told us that our days of rafting had brought us through a totally uninhabited area.  Five or six parties at the most, would travel through it each year.  David was most certainly the youngest person to ever have rafted the Tambopata River.  As we chatted, our boat slowed as the guides looked for a place to anchor and fish.  Suddenly there was a thumping and banging in the back of the boat, and the motor stopped.  “We must have broken the propeller on a rock,” was my first thought as we all craned to look at the rear of the boat to see just what had happened.  The naturalists started to laugh.  A three to four foot long fish, trying desperately to get away, lay flopping and banging its tail on the bottom of the boat.  It must have hit the propeller and jumped into the boat.  Soon subdued it was safely stored under the floorboards to be taken back to the lodge.  As it turned out, our self-caught fish was the only one taken that day!

Our campsite was barely recognizable when we returned to it.  The only sign that we had camped there was our gear, neatly packed up and waiting at the water’s edge.  All we could see of our camp mates was their heads in the middle of the river.  The tropical heat and the gnats, which had come out in the bright sunshine, had driven them to wait for our return in the coolest place possible.

In no time at all everything was loaded and we were rushing down stream, headed for the Tambopata Research Center.  As we told the others about the adventures of the morning, Nilton was continually scanning the riverbanks with his binoculars.  Suddenly he asked the boatman to cut the motor and pointed to a sandbank in the river.  “There’s a jaguar sleeping on that sandbank,”  he whispered excitedly. “We are so lucky to see one!”

I grabbed my binoculars for a better look at that distant creature, but before I could get them focused, he had heard us, slipped into the water, and swum to shore where he disappeared into the jungle.  It was only a glimpse, but at least I can say I actually saw a jaguar in the wild.

We continued down river, with dense jungle on the riverbanks.  Finally the launch slowed and we approached steep steps cut in the cliff side.  “Here we are,” Nilton  called out.  Carefully we clambered out of the boat and up the steps.  A path led to the main lodge which was built up on stilts to raise it above the damp jungle floor.  We shed our muddy sandals before entering the building and padded down the polished wood floored hallway in our sock feet. After six nights of sleeping in tents on sandbars, our rooms seemed positively palatial.  For ventilation, the walls extended only partway to the ceiling, and the doors of the rooms consisted only of a curtain.  The back wall consisted of a railing separating us from the jungle.  Each room was furnished with two cots complete with mosquito netting, a small stand and a chair, and a candle for our light at night.  At the end of the hall was a communal washstand with a jug of water beside it, and pit toilets were near by.  The best treat of all was a shower!  It was a gravity system consisting of a large container on the roof which was filled with water each day and warmed by the sun.  The bamboo slat flooring of the shower allowed the water to drain out on the grass below.  What a luxury to have a warm shower as this!

The Tambopata Research Center

The Tambopata Research Center

It was past lunch time when we arrived and the lodge was no longer serving, so we got out the remaining food from our coolers for our lunch.  The dining hall where we ate was really a covered veranda, with only a railing on three sides.  Colorful macaws flew in from the jungle and perched on the rafters above us, eying our food.  One of the waiters came and flapped his apron at them trying to shoo them away, but they soon came back.  All of a sudden one of them flew down, landed on Charlie’s shoulder, then grabbed a piece of sandwich and flew away.  We all dissolved in laughter at the startled look on Charlie’s face.  It was then explained to us that these were “chicos” that had been raised at the center, which explained why they were so tame.  As macaws lay several eggs but only raise one chick, the researchers collected the eggs that would have been discarded by the parents and hatched them at the Center to increase the declining population of macaws.  Now these adult birds had gone off into the jungle and mated, bringing their mates back to the Center.

After a brief rest we gathered at the front steps and donned rubber boots for a naturalist-led hike in the jungle.  We were divided into two groups and set off down a narrow path.  Keith, David, Greg and I were in one group with Nilton who pointed out various bird and butterflies.  A big black bulge around a tree trunk was pointed out as a termite nest.  “Termites are edible,” Nilton said, and proceeded to demonstrate.  “Does anyone want to try?” he asked.  David was game, and I couldn’t let my grandson show me up, so I popped on into my mouth, too.  We all agreed they tasted pretty much like wood.

Looking down on the jungle floor we saw a waving line of green leaves.  They were leaf cutter ants, carrying food to the aphids that the ants kept in their nests.  The aphids produce a milk-like substance which the ants eat.  When we got down close to the ants, we could see each was carrying a leaf portion like a waving sail above its head. The line of ants continued a long way on the ground, then up a tree and disappeared into a hole in the trunk.

Next we went to a murky pond and Nilton produced a line with a hook.  After several throws Keith pulled out a small fish which Nilton told us was a pirhana.  He didn’t look nearly as dangerous as I thought a pirhana would, but I took Nilton’s word for it.  We threw the fish back and went on.

It was dark by now, so we turned on our headlamps to light our way to a tarantula in its den.  Nilton shined his light on a little nest and we caught a glimpse of a black shape scurrying away.  Just then something tickled my neck and I turned to see what it might be.  It probably was just a leaf, but in the darkness I stubbed my toe and fell flat on my camera.  I was fine, but my camera wasn’t.

Back at the lodge we shed our muddy boots and walked in our socks to the dining room for dinner.  Lamps on the tables and in strategic places in the dark hallways provided a lovely glow for the evening.  As Greg and David were walking back to their rooms after dinner, Greg felt something soft and squishy underfoot.  When he shone a light on it he discovered he had squished a big tarantula.

That night we set our alarms for 4:30 am so we could be up and ready to motor down river to catch the sunrise at the clay lick.  There we were joined by tourists from lodges further down river who had also come to see the sight of the parrots and macaws at the clay lick.  In hushed silence we watched the rays of the sun begin to touch the sheer walls of the cliff that rose from the river.  Soon there was a twittering  and chattering as the first group of green parrots flew in and settled on the cliff walls.  More parrots came, then a pair of blue macaws flew majestically toward the cliff, soaring and dipping in the sky.  We were told they were lookouts, ready to warn the other birds of hawks or other predators.  The cliff soon became a moving mass of color as birds perched on it, pecking at the clay for the minerals in it.  For an hour we sat entranced as the birds put on their show.  Then small groups started to leave, and at last the cliff was empty and silent.  All we heard was our own whispers of the wonder of it all.

Back at the Research Center we had another chance to enjoy macaws.  The staff were feeding the tame ones bananas, and invited us to join in.  We would take a banana in our hand and coax a bird onto our shoulders, where it would sit eating out of our hand.  I was amazed at how light the big birds are as one perched on my shoulder and dribbled banana down my neck.  I was also amazed at how such beautiful creatures could have such ugly voices.  “Braack!” was what they would say in response to my attempts at conversation.

Feeding the chicos at the TRC

Feeding the "chicos" at the TRC

All too soon it was time to load up on our launch again.  We were to start our journey back to civilization by spending the night at Posadas Amazonas, another lodge farther downstream, and then head to Puerto Maldonaldo to fly to Cusco.  It was with real sadness that we left this jungle paradise, and each one of us made the vow we would be back again some day.

{ 0 comments }

STATEMENT FROM AQUA EXPEDITIONS: August 6, 2009

While cruising on the Amazon early Tuesday morning, August 4, the m/v Aqua was boarded by six unknown persons who robbed the passengers of valuables. Neither passengers nor crew were harmed. A similar incident occurred on July 26.

CEO of Aqua Expeditions Francesco Galli Zugaro has been meeting this week with senior government officials, including the Minister of Tourism, Head of Police, and Department of Defense, all of whom have pledged to take all necessary actions to guarantee the safety of the Peruvian tourism industry and visitors to the country.

“This incident is of national importance as tourism is a vital activity in the region,” commented Martin Perez, the Peruvian Minister of Tourism, who has pledged his full support in resolving this issue. “The Amazon region of Peru is safe for travelers and we cannot allow these incidents to deter their holidays and affect the integrity of the tourism sector,” he added.

As a result of this, both the Coast Guard and National Police have confirmed that the Aqua and other vessels in the region will have permanent escorts for a period of time until a long term plan is implemented to have more presence along the boat’s route. In addition, the Aqua and other vessels will have security personnel on board.

The Coast Guard has also committed to immediately implement a mobile patrol station half way through the itinerary with several additional patrol boats. This additional presence will further guarantee security of the area.

As an additional and extended measure of security the Aqua as of this Saturday will change its itinerary to avoid the area of the past incident. “This second attack has truly shocked and saddened us,” said Galli-Zugaro. “We want to reassure our guests and clients that all measures are being taken by the government to ensure the safety and security of the region. We are thankful for their proactive measures and continue to work closely with them to avoid any such future incidents. Our operations are continuing as normal, with our first priority being the safety of our passengers and crew.”

Francesco Galli Zugaro
Chief Executive Officer
Aqua Expeditions

{ 0 comments }

The Peruvian Amazon has been spared this month from massive environmental damage, thanks to the public outcry and protests of brave Peruvians.

From the New York Times:
Peru’s Congress on Thursday overturned two decrees by President Alan García that were aimed at opening large areas of the Peruvian Amazon to logging, dams and oil drilling but set off protests by indigenous groups this month in which dozens died.


Tomas Munita for The New York Times– An Ashaninka indigenous woman cooked in the main road linking the central jungle to Lima.

The move appeared to ease tensions with the indigenous groups, which had continued with their protests and road blockades in parts of Peru despite Congress’s decision to suspend the decrees last month. After the vote on Thursday, however, some indigenous leaders said they would lift the scattered blockades and halt the protests.

“Today is a historic day for all indigenous people and for the nation of Peru,” said Daysi Zapata, a leader of the Peruvian Jungle Inter-Ethnic Development Association, a group representing more than 300,000 people from Peru’s indigenous groups.

The apparent end to the impasse came after at least 24 police officers and 10 civilians were killed in clashes and acts of retaliation in northern Bagua Province, some of Peru’s bloodiest political violence since a two-decade war ended in 2000.

The decrees, issued by Mr. García as part of a regulatory overhaul for a trade deal with the United States, were intended to open parts of jungle to investment and allow companies to bypass indigenous communities to attain permits for petroleum, biofuels and hydroelectric projects.

Other disputed decrees by Mr. García remain in effect, raising the prospect of new protests. Still, Mr. García acknowledged in a speech late Wednesday that his government had made a crucial mistake by not including native groups in discussions over the decrees before he issued them.

The repeal of the decrees and the apology by Mr. García open a new phase of uncertainty in Peru, where economic growth is sharply declining amid a decline in commodities prices.”

Written by Simon Romero

Published on June 18, 2009

{ 0 comments }

Rioting broke out in northern Peru on Friday after two months of fuel and transport blockades, and at least 30 indigenous protesters and 24 police officers have been killed. The indigenous tribes want to force Congress to repeal laws that encourage foreign mining in the rainforest.

According to the BBC (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8088350.stm): “The violence erupted on Friday after 2,500 Indians – many of them carrying spears and machetes – protested over government plans to drill for gas and oil in what they consider their ancestral lands.”

While the situation remains serious in this region, it is not affecting other regions of Peru and tourism has not been disrupted in any way.

We’ll try to follow up with more information on the issues behind this violence as we learn more.

{ 0 comments }


60 Minutes had a great piece this past Sunday on the $27 billion dollar lawsuit facing Chevron for environmental degradation in the Amazon Basin. NPR had a radio story on this last week as well. This is the largest environmental damage suit in history, and it is being decided by a single judge in Lago Agrio, Ecuador, sometime this year.

In the 1960’s Texaco started to drill for oil in one of the largest oil reserves in the America’s, in Ecuador’s Amazon Basin. Texaco, along with partner PetroEcuador (Ecuador’s national oil company), pumped out 1.5 nillion barrels of oil from the jungle. But with each well came roads, pipelines, and pits filled with toxic oil waste. When Texaco finished drilling they abandoned the pits, causing oil to contaminate groundwater and to seep into the Amazon Basin’s streams.

This region of Ecuador, the upper Amazon Basin, besides being one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet, is also home to numerous indigenous tribes who rely on the clean water in the rivers and streams for drinking water, food, etc.

Chevron bought Texaco in 2001, and now they may be held responsible for the environmental mess left behind by Texaco in Ecuador. While who is responsible is at debate in the lawsuit, the environmental degradation isn’t really debatable. Of course there are disagreements on how many pits there are, or the cost to clean up the mess, but no one argues there is no mess at all.

I experienced this environmental degradation first hand in 2007 when I visited the Huaorani Ecolodge, a community-based tourism project in the Amazon. The Huaorani Ecolodge was created, in part, to provide jobs and income for the Huaorani so that they don’t need to take jobs with the oil companies to help destroy their homeland.

Oil was discovered on Huao territory decades ago, and today vast portions of their previous land have been cleared for wells, roads, and pipelines. On our trip, one moment we were floating down a placid, wild, river, listening to Huao origination legends as told by Moi, the Huao member who has become famous due to Joe Kane’s book “Savages,” and the next we rounded a bend and encountered denuded forest and rusty pipelines. On our way back to town and the airport, we stopped along the road put in by the oil companies to see some of the oil waste pits; they are, frankly, disgusting. I’m quite sure we would never allow open oil pits that seep into rivers and groundwater in the United States.

While I don’t know the answer to who ultimately is at fault in a contractual or legal sense, and thus who should pay, it is quite clear that someone needs to be held accountable and must pay both to clean up the oil, and to compensate families for pollution-caused health issues and the loss of their traditional lifestyle caused by this pollution. This will be an interesting trial to watch.

{ 0 comments }

BRAZIL: INDIANS REJOICE AS SUPREME COURT AFFIRMS LAND RIGHTS

Survival International Press Release, December 11th:

Indians across Brazil are celebrating today as the majority of judges in the Supreme Court ruled to uphold indigenous land rights in a key case. Indian representatives have called the decision, made yesterday on the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a ‘great victory’.

The ruling concerns the indigenous territory Raposa-Serra do Sol (’Land of the Fox and Mountain of the Sun’) in the Amazon state of Roraima. A small group of powerful farmers, who want the Indians’ land and are supported by local politicians, had petitioned the Supreme Court to overturn the Brazilian government’s legal recognition of the territory. President Lula signed the territory into law in 2005.

Yesterday eight out of eleven Supreme Court judges affirmed the Indians’ rights to the land, saying it had been demarcated according to the constitution. They affirmed the importance of maintaining indigenous territories as single, continuous areas and stated that territories on Brazil’s borders do not pose a risk to national sovereignty.

Read the rest of the article on the Survival International website: www.survival-international.org/news/4021

{ 0 comments }


The Latin America Travel Association (http://www.lata.org) last week held its inaugural LATA Travel Awards ceremony, with members voting for the outstanding performers in eight categories.

The Huaorani Ecolodge in the Ecuadorian Amazon was named Best Sustainable Tourism Project by LATA members. Visitors to the comfortable, minimal impact, 5 room lodge experience the richness of the Huaorani culture and their natural environment, while learning about the challenges facing the tribe. Community Association President Moi Enomenga (photo) accepted on behalf of the Huaorani communities involved.

{ 0 comments }


Kapawi Ecolodge and Reserve, in Ecuador’s Amazon Basin, reports that they have been named one of the top 50 Ecolodges in the world for 2009 by National Geographic Adventure Magazine. Congratulations to Kapawi!

Kapawi is a great project of the Achuar Nation, and is a remarkable community based tourism project.

Kapawi Lodge, located 100 miles east of the Andes in the most remote region of the Ecuadorian Amazon basin, is a fantastic destination for visiting with the local Achuar community, hiking in the rainforest, canoeing and swimming in rivers and lakes, and for viewing wildlife, such as pihanhas, pink dolphins, caiman and the 480 species of birds that have been recorded in the area.

{ 0 comments }